What is the difference between biodegradable and compostable?

Biodegradable materials break down naturally over time, but the process can vary in duration and environmental conditions. Compostable materials, on the other hand, break down under composting conditions into nutrient-rich soil and must meet specific standards such as EN 13432 or ASTM D6400.

How is compostable different from recyclable?

Compostable items decompose into organic matter under specific composting conditions, while recyclable materials are processed and reused to make new products. Recyclability depends on local infrastructure and sorting systems, while compostability often requires industrial facilities.

Can I say a product is biodegradable if it breaks down over time?

It's better to clarify how and where it biodegrades. Saying 'biodegradable' without specifying conditions can be misleading. For example, say 'biodegradable in industrial composting conditions' instead of just 'biodegradable'.

What should I avoid in eco copywriting to prevent greenwashing?

Avoid vague terms like 'eco-friendly' without context. Be specific about materials, disposal methods, and limitations. For example, clarify if an item is recyclable only in certain areas or compostable only in industrial facilities.

How can sustainable copywriting help my ecommerce brand?

Sustainable copywriting helps build trust by clearly communicating environmental claims. It avoids greenwashing and ensures customers understand your product’s lifecycle and sustainability impact, strengthening your brand’s credibility and transparency.

Where can I get help with sustainable brand messaging?

You can use the CLEAR Eco-Messaging Blueprint for a DIY guide to crafting transparent copy or collaborate directly through the CLEAR Copy Co-Lab package to work with a dedicated sustainable copywriter.

EcoBite💚 Biodegradable, Compostable, or Recyclable? Clear Up the Confusion in Your Copy

Not all eco-terms are created equal, and here’s how to use them responsibly and clearly in your brand messaging.

You’ve seen it everywhere: biodegradable mailers, compostable coffee pods, recyclable packaging. But do your customers know what these terms actually mean – and are you using them correctly in your copy and content?

Understanding the true meaning of these terms is crucial for using them correctly throughout your copy and content. Your customers should not feel confused and unsure about your product, but have a clear understanding of it.

To get right to the point, the word biodegradable comes up a lot. For example, it is often said: “Our packaging is 100% biodegradable, and you can throw it away in nature!” However, it’s not an accurate claim, and you will understand why in just a few moments.

Let’s break it down!

Knowing the difference between biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable will help you write clear messages for your customers. This will show that you are a transparent and honest brand, reflecting the good you do. So, let’s look at each term and identify a few of the items that are most common for each category.

The term biodegradable means that it breaks down naturally over time, but there is no guarantee on how long or in what conditions. Curious what qualifies as biodegradable? It can be any of the following: paper towels (break down in landfills or compost), cotton fabrics (natural fabrics are fully biodegradable), wood utensils, uncoated cardboard (breaks down naturally, also recyclable), jute bags (degrade over time, natural fibers).

On the other hand, compostable material breaks down under composting conditions into nutrient-rich soil, and it must meet certain standards (like EN 13432 or ASTM D6400). Here are some of the most common compostable items: PLA bioplastic cups and containers, paper plates, food scraps, coffee grounds and filters, compostable packaging (BPA, TUV or OK compost).

When we say something is recyclable, it means it can be processed and used again, but only if the local infrastructure supports it. The most common recyclable materials are aluminum cans, glass jars and bottles, office paper, newspaper, cardboard boxes, PET and HDPE plastics – commonly seen in beverage bottles and containers.

How to Use These Terms in Brand Copy

Now that we have gone deep into the meaning of each term, the difference between biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable is much clearer, and we can look at how you can transpose this into your copy and content without sounding too complicated or without greenwashing.

A few rules of general copywriting will apply:

Be specific: “This mailer is compostable in industrial facilities” is clearer than “eco-friendly.”
Avoid absolutes: Use phrases like “designed to be recycled” or “industrially compostable” to stay honest.
Clarify context: Mention end-of-life handling, e.g., “Home compostable where facilities exist.”

Here are a few examples to clarify how to use these terms:

Biodegradable: let’s take the example mentioned before.

Instead of “Our packaging is 100% biodegradable, so you can toss it guilt-free into nature!” say “Our packaging is made with biodegradable materials designed to break down in industrial composting conditions. We recommend checking local facilities for proper disposal.”

This works because it sets realistic expectations and educates customers and readers on proper end-of-life handling, reducing the risk of greenwashing.

Compostable

Instead of “Our coffee cups are compostable so just throw them in the trash when you’re done!” you can say:

“Our cups are certified compostable in industrial facilities. They won’t break down in a home compost, but they can be processed where accepted. Please check your area’s guidelines.”

Compostable materials often require industrial composting facilities to break down properly. Tossing them in the trash or home compost bin may not result in correct and complete decomposition.

This works better because it specifies the type of composting needed and prompts the user to make informed choices, maintaining transparency.

Recyclable

Instead of “This bag is made of recyclable plastic,” say “this bag is made from recyclable #2 plastic, accepted in some curbside programs. To make sure it’s properly recycled, we suggest checking your local recycling guidelines.”

This version works better because it’s specific, it names the material, it avoids vague claims, and it empowers your readers to take action.

The clearer your copy, the more your customers understand your brand, your mission, and your efforts, and your brand builds trust. Next time you’re writing a product label or product page, ask this question: Am I being specific or just sustainable sounding?

Need quick help with transforming your copy into CLEAR messaging that your customers will trust and support? Try the CLEAR Messaging Blueprint for a DIY guide that will help you get more clarity, transparency, and honesty in your copy.

If you would like to be more hands-on with your copy but still need a co-lab partner, the CLEAR Copy Co-Lab package is built especially for you to work alongside your copywriter for sustainable ecommerce.

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